![]() ![]() The researchers can then measure the cells' ability to produce antiviral cytokines and kill infected cells. For example, researchers can isolate immune cells from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and incubate them with IgG4 antibodies. In vitro studies: In vitro studies can be used to demonstrate the effect of IgG4 antibodies on antiviral responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here are some methods to demonstrate the effect of IgG4 antibodies on antiviral responses against SARS-CoV-2: Our work must be read and interpreted for what it is: a hypothesis, which must be experimentally evaluated. In addition, we also hypothesized that IgG4 antibodies could impair antiviral responses, for example, IgG4 could block recognition and attack by cytotoxic T cells, thus the infected cell is not destroyed (see figure in page 12), and facilitating viral persistence in the host, leading to chronic infection. So, if our hypothesis is correct, then, an increase in IgG4 levels could explain SARS-CoV-2´s breakthrough infections. It's interesting to note that a separate study also found a link between high IgG4 levels and a higher risk of infection and malaria exacerbations. Up to the age of 24 months, IgG1 and IgG3 demonstrated 51% and 56% protective effects respectively, however, IgG4 was linked to a higher risk of malaria infection throughout this age range. ![]() On the other side, the probability of contracting malaria increased by around three times when non-neutralizing IgG4 levels doubled. As the levels of IgG1 doubled, the risk of malaria reduced by about 50%, and when the levels of IgG3 doubled, the risk of malaria decreased by about 60% ![]() In the malaria trial, researchers noticed a distinct pattern for IgG subclasses to the EBA-175 antigen: higher concentrations of particular antibodies known as neutralizing IgG1 and IgG3 were linked to a reduced likelihood of contracting malaria in the second year. In both trials, an increase in IgG4 levels was associated with a higher risk of contracting HIV or malaria. In these trials, repeated vaccination resulted in the production of the IgG4 antibody. We are proposing a scientific explanation based, for example, on the results of clinical trials with vaccines for HIV and malaria. IgG4-induced suppression of the immune system due to repeated vaccination can also cause autoimmune diseases, promotes cancer growth, and autoimmune myocarditis in susceptible individuals.ĭear John Collins: Thank you very much for your important comments.Īs you may have noticed, our work is a hypothesis. Altogether, evidence suggests that the reported increase in the IgG4 levels detected after repeated vaccination with the mRNA vaccines is not a protective mechanism rather, it may be a part of the immune tolerance mechanism to the spike protein that could promote unopposed SARS-CoV2 infection and replication by suppressing natural antiviral responses. It has been suggested that an increase in IgG4 levels could have a protecting role by preventing immune over-activation, similar to that occurring during successful allergen-specific immunotherapy by inhibiting IgE-induced effects. Furthermore, recent investigations have found high IgG4 levels in people who were administered two or more injections of mRNA vaccines. ![]() Recent research has also raised concerns that mRNA vaccines could induce immune tolerance, which, added to that caused by the virus itself, could complicate the clinical course of a COVID-19 infection. Although these vaccines prevent hospitalization and severe forms of the disease, increasing evidence has shown they do not produce sterilizing immunity, allowing people to suffer frequent re-infections. Globally, around 13.32 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses of diverse platforms have been given, and up to this date, 69.7% of the total population received at least one injection of a COVID-19 vaccine. Due to the health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2, the creation of a new vaccine platform based on mRNA was implemented. ![]()
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